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氧化鋁陶瓷亦稱精密陶瓷、特種陶瓷。它是采用高度精選的原料,按照特殊的制造工藝生產(chǎn),能控制化學(xué)組成和具有優(yōu)異性能的陶瓷。目前,氧化鋁陶瓷主要使用在高技術(shù)和工業(yè),如微電子、核反應(yīng)堆、航天、磁流體發(fā)電、人工骨和人工關(guān)節(jié)等方面。
氧化鋁陶瓷和普通陶瓷在成分和制造工藝上都有很大的差別。普通陶瓷經(jīng)過原料配制、坯料成形和窯爐燒成三道工序制成;而氧化鋁陶瓷大多采用粉末燒結(jié)法制造。在成形技術(shù)方面,由于陶瓷的硬度極高,難于切割加工,特別對于形狀復(fù)雜的非對型制品,如汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)中的增壓器轉(zhuǎn)子,骨骼、牙齒等生物陶瓷制品,在成形燒結(jié)以后即為成品,無需再加工。
陶瓷注射成形技術(shù),是在陶瓷粉料中加入熱塑性樹脂、熱固性樹脂,增塑劑和減摩劑,使陶瓷粉料成為粘性彈體,然后將加熱混煉后的料漿從噴口射入金屬模內(nèi),冷卻固化即成。常用的熱塑性樹脂有聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯,加入量為10-30%。
陶瓷的注塑成形原理和塑料的注塑成形基本相同。只是塑料內(nèi)混合大量的陶瓷粉末。為了改進(jìn)注塑成形條件,必須選擇與使用原料匹配的有機(jī)材料,并要選定添加量。為了獲得致密又均勻的注塑成形體,陶瓷粉末的濃度要高些。
但過高將使成形性能變差。為改進(jìn)混煉坯料的流動(dòng)性,應(yīng)降低分散劑高分子系的粘度。作為前處理很重要的是提高陶瓷粉末的分散性,為了提高高分子的流動(dòng)性,需添加適當(dāng)?shù)脑鏊軇┖蜐櫥瑒?。(圖/文tujian.net.cn)
中譯英:
Ceramic injection molding technology, is in the ceramic powder with thermoplastic resin, thermosetting resin, plasticizer and friction reducing agent, the ceramic powder into viscous body, and then heating the mixing slurry from the nozzle into the metal mold, cooling and cured to form. Commonly used thermoplastic resin polyethylene, polystyrene, polypropylene, adding10-30%.
Ceramic injection molding principle and plastic injection molding is basically the same. Just a plastic inner mixed large ceramic powder. In order to improve the injection molding conditions, must choose and use of raw materials to match the organic material, and to the selected amount. In order to obtain compact and uniform injection molding, ceramic powder concentration is higher.